Lupercalia the Ancient Origin of Valentines Day Essay Example

Lupercalia the Ancient Origin of Valentines Day Essay Valentines Day and February equivalent love and sentiment. In Ancient Rome, this season had comparable implications, yet they were praised in an unexpected way. In current occasions, the period of February and St. Valentines Day has come to represent love and sentiment, and has been commended in this gentile path since the times of romance and charming of the Middle Ages. Be that as it may, the starting point of February can be associated with affection and fruitfulness by track back to the underlying foundations of antiquated Roman celebration of Lupercalia, a ripeness festivity celebrated on February 15. The Lupercalia celebration was celebrate to respect Lupercus, a divine force of ripeness and cultivating, and it was praised with yearly forfeits and eats. One of the points of the celebration was to cleanse the land and the young ladies of kid bearing age. During the Lupercalia, two ministers, called lupercis, yielded two male goats and a canine at the hallowed cavern where Romulus and Remus were apparently breast fed by the she-wolf. After a blowout, the youngsters wearing only a belt with goats skins, going through the city boulevards, whipping individuals (for the most part little youngsters and ladies) with straps cut from the conciliatory goat skins. We will compose a custom article test on Lupercalia the Ancient Origin of Valentines Day explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom article test on Lupercalia the Ancient Origin of Valentines Day explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom exposition test on Lupercalia the Ancient Origin of Valentines Day explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer This demonstration was thought to sanitize the young ladies, guarantee their richness, and diminish the torment of labor. Names were likewise attracted from a urn to match up youngsters and ladies as a component of the merriments. This was proposed to prompt relationships and youngsters. February happened later in the antiquated Roman schedule than it does today so Lupercalia was held in the spring and viewed as a celebration of filtration and richness. It is suggested that cleaning is the manner by which the period of February gets its name (February originates from the latin Februare significance to decontaminate). The Lupercalia event was glad and bubbly. Another novel custom of Feast of Lupercalia was the blending of little fellows and young ladies who in any case carried on a carefully isolated lives. During the night, all the youthful eligible young ladies used to put a chit of their name in a major urn. Every youngster used to draw out a name of a young lady from the urn and got combined with that young lady for the remainder of the year. Frequently, the combined couple would experience passionate feelings for and wed. As Christianity started to gradually assume control over the agnostic pantheons, it regularly supplanted the celebrations of the agnostic divine beings with greater Christianity festivities. It was simpler to change over the nearby populace on the off chance that they could keep on celebrating on that days, the main contrast was they would simply be told to celebrate various individuals and belief systems. Lupercalia, with its sweetheart lottery, had no put in the new Christian request. In the year 496 AD, Pope Gelasius got rid of the celebration of Lupercalia, refering to that it was agnostic and shameless. He picked Valentine as the supporter holy person of darlings, who might be regarded at the new celebration on the fourteenth of each February. The congregation chose to think of its own lottery thus the dining experience of St. Valentine highlighted a lottery of Saints. In the wake of learning the genuine starting point of Valentine’s day, I started to see that a significant number of the gentile ways we show love and sentiment likewise returns to Ancient Rome. Each February 14 since 496 A. D individuals over the United States and in different places the world over, chocolate, roses and endowments are traded between friends and family, all for the sake of St. Valentine. Be that as it may, subsequent to finding out about the Lupercalia celebration of Ancient Rome, I can perceive how everything impacted to our present day Valentine’s Day. Much of the time on Valentine’s Day, the male is the one that picks a Valentine and approaches her with an endowment of blossoms or chocolate, similarly as in the Lupercalia celebration the male methodologies the female with a whipping of goat skin. To advanced society the whipping of goat skin is viewed as a bad behavior. However,women would readily got the whipping, as they accepted that the bit of the goatskin would render them productive and bring simple labor. Understand that every religion and culture has its own specific manners of â€Å"seeing† things. Love is one of the primary worries that every religion sees in an unexpected way. Antiquated Romans saw love through their celebration of Lupercalia that added to mating, preparing, and joining a man and a lady. Our present day, Christianized society sees love through festivals of Valentine’s day and the tender methods of purchasing endowments, for example, blossoms and chocolate. I don't accept that either religion is correct or amiss with their festivals and celebrations. As I would like to think, every religion ought to have its own interesting festival of affection and sentiment.

Other Minds? :: Philosophy Philosophical Essays

Different Minds? Bertrand Russell communicated his conviction on knowing different personalities, in an article based fundamentally around the idea of ‘analogy’, which means like or similarity of. His conviction is that, We are persuaded that others have musings and sentiments that are subjectively genuinely like our own. We are not substance to feel that we know just the space-time structure of our friends’ minds, or their ability for starting causal chains that end in impressions of our own (Russell 89). Russell talks about the internal mindfulness, for example, having the option to watch the events of such things as recalling, feeling delight and feeling torment from inside our own minds’. This would then permit us to assume that different creatures that have these capacities would then be that of having minds. The term ‘analogy’ is dubious in nature, yet when utilized in this unique circumstance, we expect that the conduct of others is from various perspectives practically equivalent to regarding causes. These causes being conduct coordinated from sensation or thought. It is obvious and recognizable that individuals or creatures other then I act in manners by which we carry on when set in various circumstances. For instance trouble or the idea of outrage or satisfaction can be found in others. Others at that point can and do respond to various makes comparative the manner by which I do also. Another thought is that of shared understanding. Russell utilizes the case of two companions having a discussion wherein diaries are investigated. These two people have shared encounters together. They in the long run find that each other’s recollections help each other in reviewing data overlooked with time. (Russell 89) It can verifiably be said that creatures wherein can think, subsequently have a brain, along these lines have reasons for conduct. As it is obvious to me that the causal laws overseeing my conduct have to do with ‘thoughts’, it is normal to induce that the equivalent is valid for the comparable to conduct of my companions (Russell 89). Hence the part of surmising is currently the primary concern when identifying with similarity. Would we be able to gather that different creatures have considerations and emotions to result such causes, as that where is noticeable? Russell clarifies this idea with the case of mother and her musings. We end up putting stock in them when we initially start to mirror; the idea that Mother might be irate or satisfied is one which ascends in early stages (Russell 90).

New York Metropolitan Opera

New York Metropolitan Opera The opera has long been regarded as the epitome of entertainment among the wealthy, as well as a symbol of a well-educated mind. For many, attending a performance at a famed opera house is a once in a lifetime opportunity. Offering a mix of both classical and new operas, the opera house becomes the doorway to an enchanted land.The process of creating that fantasy land, however, is based in a startling reality of paperwork and business plans. For the New York Metropolitan Opera, reality came crashing into their fantasy world as bankruptcy loomed.Are there lessons that can be learned from opera’s stage? No subtitles required â€" the new business model of the New York Metropolitan Opera provides clear lessons for entrepreneurs at every stage of business. © Shutterstock.com | Sean PavoneAfter taking a look at 1) the New York Met’s history, understanding how the Met went from 2) headliners to show stoppers and 3) discovering how the NY Met changed course with a new business model, you’ll be prepared for 4) lessons for entrepreneurs that can help revitalize (or continue to improve) your business.NY MET HISTORY © Wikimedia commons | Robert N. Dennis collectionPerhaps one of the most famed opera houses in the world, the New York Metropolitan Opera is America’s largest classical music organization. Established in the late 19th century, The Met began as an alternative to the other opera house of the time, the Academy of Music. Membership to The Academy of Music was a status symbol; admittance was restricted to the highest levels of society. The Academy embraced old money and saw little reward in allowing the industrialists of the time, who were newly rich, to join their ranks. In response to this social snubbing, the Met was formed to allow New York’s rising wealthy access to the entertainment world. With three levels of private seating and plenty of space to ‘see and be seen’, the Met quickly replaced The Academy as the highlight of the social scene and has remained at the forefront of society’s cultural observations ever since.The popularity of the NY Met continued to grow through the 1900’s and the opera house underwent several transformations as a result. Transitioning from a theater-styled event that hired managers to produce operas into a national touring company helped to thrust the Met into the lives (and hearts) of Americans. The Met Opera Company began a tradition of performing regularly in Philadelphia, an 81 year tradition that brought opera to the city every Tuesday night.Through the early years of the opera’s history, the need to transition from being a theater style opera to a full scale production opera house became more and more evident. Hiring a General Manager to oversee the daily operations of the organization was necessary and profitable for the company. A succession of general managers took over the running of the organization, sometimes in a shared authority role with artists.For the first several years, the company was plagued with dismal financial success, primarily caused by the attempt to schedule as many performances as possible into a calendar year. A lack of oversight and a weak business plan were instrumental in keeping the Met on shaky ground. It wasn’t until the 1990’s that a new general manager took over with a distinct plan for the future that people began to notice something about the Met’s business plan was awry. During the 16 years of Joseph Volpe’s leadership, the Met expanded its showings â€" offering four world premiers and 22 Met premiers. An expanded international touring plan was implemented, the Met’s orchestra was built into a symphonic ensemble and the future for the beloved company seemed bright. Volpe retired in 2006, and a new visionary took over the planning and managing of the Met.The new general manager of The Met, Peter Gelb, detailed his plan for the future of The Met, and it was breathtaking. Expand the opera’s showings, attract new viewers (without losing any of the current attendees) and reduce staging costs were all on the new manager’s To-Do list. Gelb initiate d a series of collaborative efforts with other opera companies to bring new productions to the NY Met. In addition, he began to include directors of alternative industries in the production of The Met’s original programming; bringing in film, circus and theater directors. He expanded the offerings of The Met by introducing the concept of live viewings in high definition to movie theaters around the world â€" allowing attendees to enjoy a full-scale live production all on the big screen. Despite his best efforts, however, he announced that the NY Met was filing for bankruptcy in 2013 and would cease to exist.There are few events better than discovering a new rendition of a classic tale, performed brilliantly. The future of New York’s Metropolitan Opera House, however, is in jeopardy as its leadership scrambles to develop a plan to salvage this once proud company.FROM HEADLINERS TO SHOW STOPPERSTo understand the decline of The Met, it is helpful to have a clear understanding of t he key players involved in the crisis. Within The Met there are four main groups that have leading roles in the drama that takes place â€" behind the curtain.Key players and their role in the crisisUnion Groups. One of the main roles at The Met belongs to the unions. To begin with, the Met is made up of sixteen union groups. These groups control everything from opening the door in the morning, building and maintaining the set, the orchestra, the stage hands and more. In an effort to reduce the company’s deficit, the Met asked union groups to accept a plan that would reduce their compensation. The unions refused and went on strike. The unions’ assertion that the two-thirds of $327 million operating costs that go to the unions aren’t enough to maintain the union’s standards is interesting. This claim seems ludicrous in light of the imminent demise of the company altogether. Rather than accepting a slightly lower paycheck, they would rather receive nothing if it means not havin g to compromise.Managers. The general overseer of the opera house, the manager is primarily responsible for the day to day operations and planning of the company. Under the leadership of a strong manager, the company thrives. The development of new ideas and opportunities falls to the manager, and the failure to maintain the opera’s vision also is laid upon the manager. The manager oversees the budget, and is responsible to negotiate with the unions for the responsibilities and compensation for the year. Under the current manager’s leadership, the opera house was on the brink of collapse due to increased spending and a reduced income.Contributors/Sponsors. The NY Met Opera House is funded primarily by contributors or sponsors. This can be through corporate sponsorships, personal endowments and other events though the year that are generating both interest and support.Endowment Fund. A source of income, the opera company would use a percentage of the interest from the endowment t o supplement their other income. By withdrawing a percentage of the principle, not the interest, the endowment has suffered and will quickly be used up if alternative measures are not taken.Strategic MisstepsWith the benefit of hindsight, it is clear to see a path of strategic missteps taken by the opera. One of the initial elements that began the downward spiral was the conversion of the opera company to a travelling show. While initially, the benefit seems to be twofold: increase the Opera House’s visibility and generate additional revenue, the execution of the plan did not work as expected. The addition of a travelling company to an already taxed budget left no room for a conversion to travelling. Additionally, taking the show on the road added to concerns about the safety of the show, including actors and musicians.Another tactic that was tried early on was the reduction of the number of shows that the company offered. An exhausting regimen of over 200 performances a year was cut to less than 20 in an extreme effort to complete the sale. The obvious solution to financial worries may not always be the most efficient one; however, as the reduced number of shows limited the opportunities the company had to sell tickets.In the world of the opera, the unions have a large amount of power. By failing to negotiate with the unions early in the process, the entire company ground to a halt when the unions went on strike. A refusal to negotiate and an almost arrogant approach to compromising with the union could have been the end of the negotiation process.Instituting a new breed of opera experiences was one method of expanding the revenue stream. The Live performances are broadcast at movie theaters across the country. Initially it appeared as though the idea would be a success, but the ticket sales quickly stagnated. With ticket sales at a plateau, the live performance shows seem to be a revenue loss.While scrambling to find new revenue streams, the management of The Met began to use the principle of the endowment, not the interest. In previous years, the interest of the endowment would be used to supplement the revenue of the company. Now, as the principle begins to dwindle and the ticket sales are down, the smaller endowment may never recover from the amount taken.The management came up with a solution: cut wages. Unfortunately, he forgot to clear it with the unions, and they were not happy with the arrangement. With both sides failing to reach an agreement, the unions went on strike and the company shut down. Protesters picketed, the public reacted with opinions in the paper and eventually the management sat down with the protestors.Quickly running out of money, the opera had no choice but to announce its intention to file for bankruptcy protection. While advocates of the opera demanded that the city step in, the mayor refused, claiming that the opera company needed to get a handle on their out of control spending.Outside ForcesAlthough t here are several factors within the opera house that affected the profitability, there are several outside forces which combined to create a hostile environment for the opera company. Higher production costs drove the prices of everything on stage up, forcing the artist’s creativity and talent for making more out of less. Finding ways to reduce these costs while still maintaining a standard of excellence is the opera company’s goal.The higher production costs combined with dwindling ticket sales created a budget deficit that may take years to recover from. The overall economy has declined, and people are spending less discretionary money. This reduction in ticket sales can lead to devastating revenues.CHANGING COURSE: THE NEW BUSINESS MODELRenegotiate union contractsOne of the primary components in the new business model is the renegotiated staff and union contracts. By sitting down to negotiate with the unions, the management and the union leaders were able to come to an agreem ent that both parties could abide by. Referring to their agreement as ‘an equality of sacrifice’, both parties were able to walk away from the negotiation table with a plan they could feel comfortable with. In addition, both parties agreed to work with an independent financial analyst to monitor the continued growth of the new model. As part of the new deal, the management agreed to a reduction in administrative payroll costs that were equal to the cuts in labor. The general manager also voluntarily took a pay cut of over $1 million annually as part of the sacrifices being made to save The Met. Revenue Enhancement StrategiesA primary complaint of the labor unions was the lack of new sponsors. This created an environment where the largest source of revenue was coming from ticket sales, which had dwindled down to an alarming 79% of previous year’s attendance. As part of the renegotiated contracts, the management agreed to actively seek additional sponsors to supplement the endow ment and ticket revenue.Another strategy to increase revenue is to expand the show offerings. The addition of the live performances was creative and trendy, but tickets sales stagnated quickly. Additional show offerings must be developed in order to continue to attract new attendees while maintaining the existing opera aficionados.Control ExpensesSpending for the NY Met skyrocketed with the advancement of the new general manager in 2006. The investment in new shows, launching the live performance program and expanded facilities forced the company to institute a pay cut across the board for the company. During the negotiations, union leaders expressed dismay at the excessive spending that had been taking place. The resulting compromise included a premise that spending would be curtailed.LESSONS FOR ENTREPRENEURSWhat lessons can an entrepreneur learn from this tragic tale of woe (one can imagine the mournful sounds of a dying song playing in the background)? The long, rich history of the New York Metropolitan was almost erased from the annuals of history, in part due to the actions (and failures) of the people who were actively engaged in the daily operation of the company. How can an entrepreneur avoid these same pitfalls?Take action early. When finances start to get tight, the natural reaction is to keep everything on a short financial leash and ‘keep an eye on things’. While a natural response, this can be a deathblow to a company on its last legs. It is wise to observe the operations of the company, but it should never take the place of action.Be proactive. Don’t wait for a small problem to snowball into a huge disaster. The NY Met failed to take action in light of dwindling attendees and the rising costs of set construction.Make hard decisions. It is easy to become emotionally attached to parts of the company that you’ve built. The processes that you’ve put into place, the employees that you hired, even the building that you established your compa ny in can all become ‘icons’ that are hard to replace. Unfortunately, those same icons can become anchors that prevent a company from moving forward because you are trapped in the past. It is never easy to make hard decisions, which is why there are much fewer bosses than there are employees; someone has to make the tough calls. When a company is in financial distress, it is not time to wax nostalgic about the days gone by, it is time to be proactive and make the necessary decisions to move the company forward.Stay in communication with all parties. No one likes to admit that they are having problems. Financial problems, especially, seem to be difficult to talk about. As an entrepreneur, however, it is essential that open communication is maintained during financial stress. Keeping the investors, employees and other active parties in touch with what is going on is an excellent way to help share the burden, as well as enlisting help in developing strategic plans for the future.St rategic planning and oversight is essential. It is important to have a strategic plan for the future, but the plan is worthless if there is no oversight to ensure that the plan is being followed. In addition, monitoring the success and/or failure of a plan can provide guidance about pivoting or expansion.The crisis at the NY Metropolitan Opera has been averted, temporarily. Thanks to decisive action, enduring negotiations and a continuing commitment to the arts, The Met has a new business model to take into the future. Despite how one may feel about the performance of opera, there is a sense of satisfaction that the cultural icon will continue to shine. Image credit:  Wikimedia commons | Robert N. Dennis collection under public domain.

Biography of Canadian Civil Rights Icon Viola Desmond

She’s long been compared to Rosa Parks, and  now late civil rights pioneer Viola Desmond will appear on Canada’s $10 banknote. Known for refusing to sit in the segregated section of a movie theater, Desmond will grace  the note, starting in 2018. She will replace Canada’s first prime minister, John A. Macdonald, who will be featured on a higher-value bill instead. Desmond was chosen to appear on the currency after the Bank of Canada  requested submissions for iconic Canadian women to be featured on the bill. News that she was selected came several months after the announcement  that slave-turned-abolitionist Harriet Tubman would appear on the $20 bill in the United States. â€Å"Today is about recognizing the incalculable contribution that all women have had and continue to have in shaping Canada’s story,† Canadian Minister of Finance Bill Morneau said of Desmond’s selection in December 2016. â€Å"Viola Desmond’s own story reminds all of us that big change can start with moments of dignity and bravery. She represents courage, strength and determination—qualities we should all aspire to every day.† It was a long road to get Desmond on the bill. The Bank of Canada received 26,000 nominations and eventually cut that number down to just five finalists. Desmond edged out Mohawk poet E. Pauline Johnson, engineer Elizabeth MacGill, runner Fanny Rosenfeld and suffragette Idola Saint-Jean. But Americans and Canadians alike have admitted they knew little about the race relations pioneer before the landmark decision to feature her on Canadian currency. When Desmond beat out the competition, however, Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau called her selection a â€Å"fantastic choice.† He described Desmond as a â€Å"businesswoman, community leader, and courageous fighter against racism.† So, why were her contributions to society so important that she will be immortalized on the nation’s currency? Get acquainted with Desmond with this biography. A Pioneer Who Gave Back Desmond was born Viola Irene Davis on July 6, 1914, in Halifax,  Nova Scotia. She grew up middle class, and her parents, James Albert and Gwendolin Irene Davis, were highly involved in Halifax’s black community.   When she came of age, Desmond initially pursued a teaching career. But as a child, Desmond developed an interest in cosmetology due to the dearth of black haircare products available in her area. The fact that her father worked as a barber must have inspired her as well.   Halifax’s beauty schools were off limits to black women, so Desmond traveled to Montreal to attend the  Field Beauty Culture School, one of the rare institutions that accepted black students. She also traveled  to  the United States to get the expertise she sought. She even trained with Madam  C.J. Walker, who became a millionaire for pioneering beauty treatments and products for African Americans. Desmond’s tenacity paid off when she received a diploma from Apex College of Beauty Culture and Hairdressing in Atlantic City, N.J. When Desmond received the training she needed, she opened a salon of her own, Vi’s Studio of Beauty Culture in Halifax, in 1937. She also opened up a beauty school, Desmond School of Beauty Culture, because she didn’t want other black women to have to endure the hurdles she had to receive training. Roughly 15 women graduated from her school each year, and they left equipped with the know-how to open their own salons and provide work for black women in their communities, as Desmond’s students came from throughout Nova Scotia, New Brunswick and Quebec. Like Desmond had, these women had been rejected from all-white beauty schools. Following in the footsteps of Madam  C.J. Walker, Desmond also launched a beauty line called Vis Beauty Products. Desmond’s love life overlapped with her professional aspirations. She and her husband, Jack Desmond, launched a hybrid barbershop and beauty salon together.   Taking a Stand Nine years before Rosa Parks refused to give up her seat on a Montgomery, Ala., bus to a white man, Desmond refused to sit in the black section of a movie theater in New Glasgow, Nova Scotia. She took the stand that would make her a hero in the black community after her car broke down on Nov. 8, 1946, during a trip she took to sell beauty products. Informed that fixing her car would take a day because the parts to do so weren’t readily available, Desmond decided to see a film called â€Å"The Dark Mirror† at New Glasgow’s Roseland Film Theatre. She purchased a ticket at the box office, but when she entered the theater, the usher told her that she had a balcony ticket, not a ticket for the main floor. So, Desmond, who was nearsighted and needed to sit downstairs to see,  went back to the ticket booth to correct the situation. There, the cashier said she wasnt allowed to sell downstairs tickets to blacks. The black businesswoman refused to sit in the balcony and returned to the main floor. There, she was roughly forced out of her seat, arrested and held overnight in jail. Because it cost 1 cent more for a main floor ticket than for a balcony ticket, Desmond was charged with tax evasion. For the offense, she paid a $20 fine and $6 in court fees to be released from custody.   When she arrived home, her husband advised her to drop the matter, but the leaders at her place of worship, Cornwallis Street Baptist Church, urged her to fight for her rights. The Nova Scotia Association for the Advancement of Coloured People offered its support as well, and Desmond hired a lawyer, Frederick Bissett, to represent her in court. The lawsuit he filed against Roseland Theatre proved unsuccessful  because Bissett argued his client was wrongfully accused of tax evasion instead of pointing out that she was discriminated against based on race. Unlike the United States, Jim Crow wasn’t the law of the land in Canada. So, Bissett may have triumphed had he pointed out that this private movie theater attempted to enforce segregated seating. But just because Canada lacked  Jim Crow didn’t mean blacks there eluded racism, which is why Afua Cooper, black Canadian studies professor at Dalhousie University in Halifax, told Al Jazeera that Desmond’s case should be viewed through a Canadian lens. â€Å"I think its about time Canada recognizes its black citizens, people who have suffered,† Cooper said. Canada has its own homegrown racism, anti-black racism, and anti-African racism that it has to deal with without comparing it to the US. We live here. We don’t live in America. Desmond lived in Canada.   The court case marked the first known legal challenge to segregation presented by a black woman in Canada, according to the Bank of Canada. Although Desmond lost, her efforts inspired black Nova Scotians to demand equal treatment and put a spotlight on racial injustice in Canada. Justice Delayed Desmond didn’t see justice in her lifetime. For fighting racial discrimination, she received a great deal of negative attention. This likely put a strain on her marriage, which ended in divorce.  Desmond eventually relocated to Montreal to attend business school. She later moved to New York, where she died alone of a gastrointestinal hemorrhage on Feb. 7, 1965, at age 50. This courageous woman wasn’t vindicated until April 14, 2010, when the lieutenant governor of Nova Scotia issued an official pardon. The pardon recognized that the conviction was wrongful, and Nova Scotia government officials apologized for Desmond’s treatment. Two years later, Desmond was featured on a  Canadian Post stamp. The beauty entrepreneur’s sister, Wanda Robson, has been a consistent advocate for her  and even wrote a book about Desmond called â€Å"Sister to Courage.† When Desmond was chosen to grace Canada’s $10 bill, Robson said, â€Å"It’s a big day to have a woman on a banknote, but it’s an especially big day to have your big sister on a banknote. Our family is extremely proud and honored.† In addition to Robson’s book, Desmond has been featured in the childrens book â€Å"Viola Desmond Wont Be Budged.† Also, Faith Nolan recorded a song about her. But Davis is not the only civil rights pioneer to be the subject of a recording. Stevie Wonder and rap group Outkast have recorded songs about Martin Luther King Jr. and Rosa Parks, respectively. A documentary about Desmonds life, â€Å"Journey to Justice,† debuted in 2000. Fifteen years later,  the government recognized the inaugural Nova Scotia Heritage Day in Desmonds  honor. In 2016, the businesswoman was  featured in a Historica Canada Heritage Minute, a quick dramatized look  at key events in Canadian history. Actress  Kandyse McClure starred as Desmond.

Early Education Is Important For Children - 939 Words

â€Å"In Australia, 61.5% of children of aged 3-4 attend early childhood Education and Care (ECEC) programs. Children’s experiences within these programs vary widely and impact directly on educational wellbeing and social development.† Said Tayler, a professor from Australia. In my opinion, early education is important for children, especially in preschool. There are several reasons. The first one is that early education can cultivate children s specific ability of decisive significance. The second one is early education can improve the learning efficiency. Moreover, early education can promote children s brain development. However, some people do not think early education is important. It has some negative, for example, hinder the children know the real world. In China, more and more parents let children learn some skills such as playing a musical instrument. Some parents also like to compare their child with others. If the child learns fewer skills than others, paren ts will let the child study more. I think this false direction of early education will lead children to a stressful development road. We should not only ask children have good grades or numbers of skills. On the contrary, we should help children find out their real talents and improve learning ability. Therefore, good early education is important for children. First reason is early education can cultivate children s specific ability of decisive significance .Some people said that if you do not start playing theShow MoreRelatedDevelopment Of Exceptional And Special Needs Children Essay1672 Words   |  7 PagesThe early childhood sector is increasing rapidly across the Caribbean. 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Many people never pay attention to the process of child development, but the details are most important to become successful. In our society, the way someone develops during the early years of their life will have a huge effect on their academic success. For this reason, I believe we shouldRead MoreFor The Past Two Decades, Canadian Population Is Increasingly1439 Words   |  6 Pagesdifferences in Canadian diverse society. Especially, children have experie nced more challenges due to the current age of cultural pluralism because they are born from refugee or immigration’s families. Therefore, early childhood education is responsible to create multicultural practices that benefits young children to their cognitive and social developments, and protects them from bias and discrimination. Multicultural education provides enormous merits to children social and emotional developments. FirstlyRead MoreEarly Childhood Education Essay875 Words   |  4 PagesEarly childhood education is one of the most important policy topics out there. Research has proven that the early years in childhood is a critical period for opportunity to develop a child’s full potential; as well as form academic, social, and cognitive skills that determine not only success in school but also their entire life (The White House). The right to a free, public education is guaranteed to all children in the United States. Early education is voluntary, and therefore some children areRead MoreDevelopmentally Appropriate Practice1675 Words   |  7 PagesDevelopmentally Appropriate Practice (DAP) and Early Childhood Education (ECE). Although ECE has been around since the creation of kindergarten in the 1800’s, the decade of the 1980’s was an important period for ECE. â€Å"By the 198 0’s, meta-analysis of the well-designed US projects offered compelling evidence on the positive outcomes of [early childhood education and intervention]† (Woodhead, 2007). Therefore, there was much pressure to improve the state of education, including ECE. â€Å"The decade of the 1980’s

Moving to United States Free Essays

Moving to United States The most memorable event in my life was when we moved out from Russia to a country that changes lives and is known as a dream land called the United States of America. When we sat on the airplane that was going toward the United States in August of 2004, we knew our lives are going to be changed in the way we always wanted them to. After twelve years of not going to school and being discriminated by Russian citizens, this moving to a new country was the most amazing, not just in my life generally, but for my entire family as well. We will write a custom essay sample on Moving to United States or any similar topic only for you Order Now The war started in Kabul, Afghanistan in July of 1994; moving to Russia was the only choice for my family to be safe even though we knew we would face a lot of difficulties. I was only four years old when my father and my mother took me the youngest in the family at that time, three of my brothers, and two of my sisters to Moscow, Russia. On our way to the train that was going toward Russia, we lost my fourteen year old brother. This accident almost stopped us from moving out from the country, but my father made the right choice either to look for his lost son or lose all of us, so we had to move on. When we finally arrived to Moscow, Russia in August of 1994, we did not have any money or a place to stay. My father remembered that he had a friend who had been living in Russia for twenty years already; maybe he could help us out for now to find a place to stay. He called him within three hours of our presence to Moscow and asked him if he could come and help us out. After an hour, he arrived, and he took us to his house and he was very happy of meeting my father after twenty years. We stayed at his house for three months. Four months later my father borrowed some money from his friend, and we opened our small business where we were selling leather jackets just to make some kind of money to eat and pay the rent. Nine months later, my father tried to take us to school, but they did not accept us because we did not have any documentation that would allow us to go to school because we were illegal in the country. It was very hard and difficult for our father to see us not going to school and not getting the education that we needed for our futures; we even barely could go outside because of the citizens of that country would discriminate you and judge you by your skin color. One day my father went to the immigration center in Moscow and asked them if we could apply for citizenship or some kind of documentation that would allow his children to go to school. The Russian immigration center denied the request at the time because of some private reason that they did not want to tell my father. Five years passed and we still could not go to public schools or be legal in the country. My father tried it again and the Russian immigration center gives us the documentation that would allow us to live in the country but it did not allow us to go to school. Then one morning my older brother talked to my father, and he claimed that he does not want to live in Russia anymore without education and that he wants to move to Holland with his friends. My father was very upset and at the same time lost that he is right for how long are we going to be living like this. After three years of my brothers moving to Holland, my father decides to move to Sweden because that was the only country at that time that would accept immigrants and give them the right documentation to live in the country. It was very difficult for him to leave us in the country where the danger was around us every day, but he knew he must do something for his children to be able to go to school and live like the normal children do. In August of 1999 he arrived in Sweden, and the Swedish immigration center gave him temporary documentation to live in the country legally until they decide if he is eligible for citizenship. Very excited and happy our father called us and told us that he got the documentation to be legal in the country of Sweden. When we heard that, we thought we going to move to Sweden very soon and that we going to be together, but the Swedish immigration center asked us to wait a couple of years then we might move in. We waited two years and nothing happened, our father was very sad and confused about what he could do now. At the same time, he knew there was nothing he could do; it was all up to the immigration center of Sweden to decide our future. Then one day, it was our Holliday called Eid, my mother had her friend with her children over at our house to have a dinner with us, and she told her that they are about to move to United States the next month. My mother was very happy and excited for her friend and asked her how she did it. My mother told her that my fathers had been in Sweden for five years now and still nothing was happening. My mother’s friend told her she needed to apply at the United States immigration center that was located in Moscow and try to see if we would get accepted. Then the next day January of 2004 my mother and I went to the United States immigration center, and we applied for the permanent residence ship to any state. After two months, we received a call from the United States immigration center that we are scheduled for an interview; we all were very excited and happy that we might move to United States, to a country that is known as the dream land and freedom. When we give our interview the person who was interviewing us asked us why we wanted to go to the United States. The answer was very simple to all of my family; it was education, freedom from being discriminated because of your skin color, and just to live in peace. After our interview, he told us, â€Å"I will see you guys in America† That moment was one of the best moments in my live and I do not think I could ever forget it. We all cried, and he told us it will take three months for them to do our paper work. When we received our plane tickets to New York, we were amazed and very excited about moving to a country where we never imagined moving in to. It was Sunday morning when we arrived in New York City International Airport. It was very hard for us to believe that this was really happening to us we were in America, a place where no one hates you, a place where they will allow you to go to school, and you can be who you are. Our lives changed after arriving in San Diego California, good things started to happen in with us. When we arrived here, there was a very kind gentleman at the airport who met us. He introduced himself as our case worker. We did not know what a case worker really meant, but what we did know that he was the only person who could help us. That very kind gentleman who was our case worker took us to school and got us an apartment. Two years later we found our brother after thirteen years who got lost at the time of our moving from Afghanistan. People have been saying that the United States of America can change people’s lives, and they were right. It changed our lives, and it is a great country where everything is possible if you try. My entire family and I always had hope in our hearts; we knew nothing can be done if you do not try and if you do not have hope for a better future. How to cite Moving to United States, Essay examples

The CCP Influence on Womens Liberation after 1949

The Communist Part of China has constantly declared that their politics is the only path for Chinese women’s to free themselves from the constraints of the past discrimination and suppression. However, the efforts introduced by the CPS were insufficient because of the liberation process is impossible without feminist movements aimed at spreading tendencies of China’s democratization and modernization.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The CCP Influence on Women’s Liberation after 1949 specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In other words, full liberation of Chinese women from the historical limits of the past is not possible provided that they rely solely on the reforms and policies of the Chinese Communist government. Despite the difficulties and challenging encounters, the advent of the communist government have provided women with equality rights, freedom of marriage regulations and other benefits that males only had previously enjoyed. Specifically, post-1949 era introduced the Marriage Law of 1950, the Election Law of PRC of 1953 and, finally, women’s right to property, which is equal to men’s rights. In addition, wider opportunities were presented in educational spheres since more and more women started learning to read and to write. The basic strategies of the Communist Party of China were to attract as many supporters as possible to gain advantage over other rivals. Therefore, their strategies involve several reforms, particularly for Chinese women who were considered as significant resource of labor. By granting freedom of marriage to women, the government activated more women’s participation and movement that allow them to establish authority in 1949. This period, therefore, improved women’s status significantly so that they can enjoy similar rights with men. Given the introduced changes, the question remains concerning the validity of wome n’s liberation process after 1949. In this respect, specific attention should be given to the examination of the presented problem in a global context. The women’s human rights movement at the international level has currently pressed human rights organizations, particularly the United Nations to acknowledge that women’s liberation should be congruent with existing legal norms.Advertising Looking for essay on asian? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In a post-war era, the United Nations issued the Universal Declaration of Human Rights as a universal standard of granting rights and freedoms for all nations and peoples (United Nations n. p.). The Declaration briefly outlines the core principles of rights and considers the necessity to strike the balance between cultural, economic, and social rights and political and civil rights. Therefore, the Declaration could also be regarded as the main underpinning for wo men’s liberation after 1949. Nevertheless, women’s rights were partially addressed in the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW) (United Nations n. p.). According to the Convention, †¦any distinction, exclusion or restriction made on the basis of sex which has the effect or purpose of impairing or nullifying the recognition, enjoyment or exercise by women, irrespective of their marital status, on a basis of equality of men and women, of human rights and fundamental freedoms in the political, economic, social, and cultural, civil or any other field (United Nation, n. p.). Many governments adopted this legal act for the purpose of promoting equality and freedom between men and women, as well as establishing gender equality in various social spheres. Despite the enacted legislature, the CCP resisted to adopting both the CEDAW and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights because they strived to separate Chinese society from the influence of Western thought. Although the Chinese Communist Party supported the feminist movements and liberation of women’s rights, its initial purposes was confined to involving women in stabilizing political and social situations in the country. In this respect, they denounced any signs of feminine identity and appearance. During this period of the Cultural revolution, â€Å"positive† mages of women, images that, by disrupting the conventional associations of femininity, were intended to position women in new roles and positions† (Evans and Donald 64). As a result, the proposed ideology about gender differences shaped the discourse that significantly restricted the possibilities for the Chinese women of exploring new dimensions of their images. The policy toward female society in Chine during the period failed to fulfill the promise of absolute gender equality in education, employment, and political participation.Advertising We will write a custom e ssay sample on The CCP Influence on Women’s Liberation after 1949 specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More There were a number of contra arguments rejecting the policies established by the United Nations. First, China had a fixed socialist political system and, therefore, the core leadership positions belong to the CCP only. Consequently, women’s rights should be controlled in accordance with the guidelines established by the CCP (Bernstein and Li 268). Second, Chinese society adhered mostly to the Marxist principles and were interpreted as the necessity to emancipate humankind, but not to meet the individuals needs and concerns, as it was stipulated on the international agenda (Bernstein and Li 268). Third, because Chine belonged to the developing countries, it prioritized the goals to improve the living conditions in the Chinese society. Finally, Chine was not able to introduce a full range of rights and independence because o f lack of educational foundation in the country. Regarding to the above-presented reasons, the concepts and ideologies introduced by the CCP deviated significantly from the Western concept because most of philosophical foundations were closely associated with the Chinese psyche. Hence, the Western orientation focused on male domination as the major barrier to achieving gender equality (Bernstein and Li 268). In order to promote women’s liberation, feminist commitment to pressing on men-dominated political and power system should be introduced (Bernstein and Li 268). However, Chinese women took the course on fighting against the traditional distribution of gender roles which neutralized the role of men in aggravating women’s inequality. Thus, Chinese concept of women’s liberation reveals that women can do everything that men do. In such a way, the government aimed to fill in the gap between male and female communities in various spheres of social and political li fe. To be more exact, the Chinese ideology focused on the advantages of gender equality for the Chinese people in addition to the advantages received by women in particular whereas the Western approach was concerned more with rights and freedoms of women as individuals.Advertising Looking for essay on asian? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Despite new patterns and policies introduced in China, the remnants of feudalism and conservative thinking made all attempts to transfer to a new ideological dimension fail. The only focus was made on preserving the leadership of the CCP where feminist thinking allowed the policy makers to gather large masses of women fighting for the equality. The Party needed support and women perfectly met their requirements. Thus, in case women did not belong to the Party, their individual efforts to mobilize movements against male domination were useless. So, the created feminist movements were heavily manipulated by the CCP so as to strengthen their positions in the country. The women taking part on political activities in Chine â€Å"†¦no longer had the conceptual frame within which to mobilize as ‘women of the world’ – instead they were ‘Chinese’ women for whom feminism was inappropriate†¦and unnecessary† (Roces and Edwards 65). The discontin uous activities of Chinese and Western feminist movements prevent the former from achieving individuals’ rights. The tangible shifts in governmental policies occurred when the Reform Movement was launched in China. In 1995, the country held the Fourth World Conference on Women during which women’s rights were recognized as inherent part of human rights (Du and Zheng 248). The Declaration adopted during the conferences also determined the advancement of women’s privileges, including free expression of thought, belief, religion, and consciousness (Du and Zheng 248). The document also aimed to eliminate any kind of gender discrimination, as well as promote economic independent of women. Finally, the reform also ensured an equal access of women to various economic resources, such as vocational training, science and technology, information, and communication. Despite the positive changes, the Chinese government promises were not fully kept. The problem is that the po pulation remained an instrument of control, rather than an independent community. Chinese women’s situation was aggravated greatly because of launching the reform movement. Scholars confirm the challenging situation that women encountered because the resistance existed that hampered the full accomplishment of all deeds and changes that would endow women with equal rights to participate actively in governmental and political affairs, as well as in entering freely educational institutions. Therefore, most authors refer to the 1949 revolution as to the event when women were â€Å"holding up half the sky† (Agelasto and Adamson 300). The CCP leaders chose a new political mode while introducing policies toward women to gain sufficient power and support. Their ideology was more based on a patriarchal body, despite a full commitment to protecting gender equality. The women’s liberation deviated from the norms accepted at the international levels because of historically predetermined events. Chinese government was more concerned with liberating women from class contradictions. The Communist Party established the priorities where the first place for the class struggle prevailed over gender equality issues. Thus, the given ideologies could be viewed as a reconstruction of a patriarchal family and consciousness for constructing a socialist society. Consequently, â€Å"socialism has not liberated women because a socialist model of production has proven to be compatible with a patriarchal sex-gender system† (Agelasto and Adamson 300). The support received from the government was an allusion created by the Party to accomplish their hidden objectives. With regard to the above presented deliberation on role of the CCP engagement liberating women’s right, there are still ambiguous issues to be discussed. While pursuing personal goals and interests, the Chinese authority failed to meet the international standards of human rights allowing women to make their choices individually beyond the influence of the political parties (Agelasto and Adamson 300). However, despite the discrepancies between ideologies, the CCP managed to bind the issues of women’s human rights to the international discourse. Anti-democratic nature of the Chinese political system makes it a serious challenge to develop new principles of women’s rights. In comparison with Western standards, the level of recognition of women’s rights in China was significantly, although it was officially and practically acknowledged that men and women had equal access to all sphere of social life (Xiaoxian and Ma 596). In fact, abuse of women’s commitment to the activities of the CCP. The international standards assert the obligatory conditions of achieving gender equality, which is possible human freedom and development. These issues are congruent both social and individual aspects. The period between 1949 and 1976 years has created a solid gro und for developing families, but it has also introduced a number for challenges for developing feminist movement beyond the political control of the Communist Party. One the one hand, the CCP opened wider opportunities for young women to apply for paid jobs in the country area, attend universities, and perceive equal attitude on the part of the government (Xiaoxian and Ma 596). On the other hand, governmental attempts to advance the women’s movement led to significant shifts in family structure and their reproductive functions (Ross 67). Changes in family structures were followed by cultural and economic transitions or rural women to urban areas. In this respect, the Chinese government recognized, â€Å"the increased demand for women’s labor resulted in another change in policy, the formal implementation of socialized housework† (Manning 577). Thus, women were liberated from their household duties to organize collective meetings and dining halls. The leaders of the new women’s movement insisted on the possibility of women’s liberation from the hindrances of the feudal past. Moreover, the organized movements encouraged former housewives to gain confidence, skills, and economic independence outside their homes (Changli 21). At the same time, they were also required to perform their roles as mothers and wives in home. However, allowing women to fulfill duties that men do gave rise discontent among women whose resist to their identification of their responsibilities in regard to gender distinctions. This period is marked by the advent of the Great Leap Forward period, the time when the Marxist maternalist principles were introduced (Manning 578). While viewing women’s liberation from this perspective, gender equality was nothing but a transition to a new model of labor division. The changing patterns of the Party’s ideology provided women with new discourses acted in various historical periods. Specifically, the per iod involved individualization and awareness discourse that was culturally shaped in the period of Chinese enlightenment, gender discourse on removing feminine identities from constructing new philosophical foundation for the Chinese women’s movements, and, finally, consumerist discourse that was constructed during the Chinese economic reform (Li 240). The given discourses provide a better picture of changes occurred to the female population in China. Moreover, it focuses on the traditional conventions existing about women and their rights. In order to achieve full liberation from old-fashioned conceptions, the Chinese women should enter the global context. Regardless of gender, each individual should have the right to equally treated, but the Chinese authorities view women as a collective power that is indispensible to enhancing the CCP’s domination in the country. Therefore, women should gain greater self-consciousness and economic independence to break the principle s of patriarchal tradition. Thus, gender equality does not presuppose negligence of feminine identity, but recognition of human rights beyond gender perspectives. In this respect, the CCP failed to fulfill their obligation in front of Chinese women. Their purposes went beyond the women’s interests and goals and, therefore, the Party violated the rights and freedom of individuals. At the same time, the government introduced a favorable basis for fighting and resisting the existing male supremacy. Works Cited Bernstein, Thomas P., and Hua-Yu Li. China Learns from the Soviet Union, 1949-Present. US: Rowman Littlefield, 2010. Print. Changli, Li. â€Å"The Social Consequences Of The May Fourth Movement.† Chinese Studies In History 43.4 (2010): 20-42. Print. Du, Fangqin and Xinrong Zheng. Women’s Studies in China: Mapping the Social, Economic and Policy Changes in Chinese Women’s Lives. South Korea: Ewha Woman’s University Press, 2005. Print. Evans, Har riet and Stephanie Donald. Picturing Power in the People’s Republic of China: Posters of the Cultural Revolution. US: Rowman Littlefield, 1999. Print. Li, J. (2011). The changing discursive construction of women in Chinese popular discourse since the twentieth century. Journal Of Asian Pacific Communication (John Benjamins Publishing Co.), 21(2), 238-266. Print. Manning, Kimberley Ens. â€Å"Making A Great Leap Forward? The Politics of Women’s Liberation In Maoist China.† Gender History 18.3 (2006): 574-593. Print. Roces, Mina, and Loise Edwards. Women’s Movement in Asia: Feminist and Transnational Activism. New Jersey: Taylor Francis, 2010. Print. Ross, Kaz. â€Å"China and Women’s Liberation: Re-Assessing The Relationship Through Population Policies.† Hecate 36.1/2 (2010): 66-91.Print. United Nations. Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women. Division of the Advancement of Women. 2009. Web. Xiaoxian, Ga o, and Yuanxi Ma. â€Å"‘The Silver Flower Contest’: Rural Women In 1950S China And The Gendered Division Of Labour.† Gender History 18.3 (2006): 594-612. Print. This essay on The CCP Influence on Women’s Liberation after 1949 was written and submitted by user Guillermo Larson to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.